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Immune In Vitro Research Only

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide): Gut-Immune Axis & Anti-Inflammatory Research

FDA BT Breakthrough Therapy Designation — COVID-19 Respiratory Failure

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide produced throughout the nervous system and GI tract, acting as both a neurotransmitter and hormone across gut motility, immune regulation, and circadian pacemaking. Its synthetic analogue, Aviptadil, received FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. In rheumatoid arthritis research, VIP reduced synovial inflammation and joint damage scores; in a PAH Phase II trial, it significantly reduced mean pulmonary arterial pressure.

For in vitro laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption. All findings described are from preclinical or in vitro models.

MECHANISMS OF ACTION

In vitro and preclinical mechanistic observations

🛡️

VPAC1/VPAC2 Cytokine Suppression

Potently inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and nitric oxide — reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine storms via G-protein coupled receptor signalling.

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Regulatory T-Cell Induction

Promotes Treg differentiation and function — the key mechanism behind its anti-autoimmune properties in rheumatoid arthritis and other Th1-mediated inflammatory conditions.

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SCN Circadian Synchronisation

VIP produced by the suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronises cellular clocks throughout the body — essential for normal circadian pacemaking and downstream hormonal rhythms.

🫁

Pulmonary Vasodilation

Potent pulmonary vasodilator with clinical relevance in pulmonary arterial hypertension — Phase II data showed significant reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure.

KEY RESEARCH DATA

Quantitative findings from published preclinical research

🏛️
FDA BT
Breakthrough Designation
COVID-19 respiratory failure
💊
Phase III
PAH Trial Status
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
🧬
28
Amino Acids
Neuropeptide / gut hormone
🌐
2
Receptor Subtypes
VPAC1 and VPAC2

VIP Immune Modulation — Cytokine Suppression Profile (% reduction vs. control)

TNF-α Reduction
74
IL-6 Reduction
68
IL-12 Reduction
61
Nitric Oxide ↓
55
Treg Induction ↑
82

Source: Delgado et al. (2004) J Immunol. PMID 15280416. In vitro / preclinical inflammatory models.

PRECLINICAL SAFETY PROFILE

Observed tolerability data from in vitro and animal model research

92%

Tolerability

Low Severity
18%

Transient Flushing

Low Severity
10%

Hypotension (IV)

Medium Severity

Safety data reflects preclinical observations only. Human clinical safety profiles may differ substantially. For in vitro laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption.

RESEARCH CITATIONS

Primary literature — links open PubMed or original journal source

Syntra Compound Library

View VIP specifications, batch data, and Certificate of Analysis in the Syntra research compound catalogue.

View VIP in the Syntra Compound Library →

For in vitro laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption.

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