Immune In Vitro Research Only

Thymosin Alpha-1: T-Cell Activation, Hepatitis B & Immune Research

35+ Countries with Thymalfasin Approval

Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a 28-amino-acid N-acetylated peptide originally isolated from thymic tissue by Allan Goldstein at George Washington University in 1972. The synthetic version, Thymalfasin (Zadaxin), is approved in 35+ countries for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and cancer immunotherapy. A 2020 retrospective study of 110 severe COVID-19 patients in China showed Tα1 treatment reduced mortality from 30% (controls) to 11% — leading to its inclusion in China's national COVID-19 treatment protocol.

For in vitro laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption. All findings described are from preclinical or in vitro models.

MECHANISMS OF ACTION

In vitro and preclinical mechanistic observations

🛡️

T-Cell Maturation & Differentiation

Promotes maturation of immature thymocytes into functional T-helper and cytotoxic T-cells — restoring immune competence in immunosuppressed or aging individuals.

🧬

Dendritic Cell Activation

Stimulates dendritic cells to upregulate MHC-II, co-stimulatory molecules, and IL-12 production — enhancing antigen presentation for robust adaptive immune responses.

🔬

TLR-2 & TLR-9 Activation

Activates Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 9 signalling — boosting innate immune pattern recognition against viral and bacterial pathogens.

⚖️

Regulatory T-Cell Balance

At physiological doses, also promotes Treg activity to prevent excessive inflammation and autoimmune activation — a dual immune modulation profile.

KEY RESEARCH DATA

Quantitative findings from published preclinical research

🌍

35+

Countries Approved

Zadaxin / Thymalfasin

📉

11% vs 30%

COVID-19 Mortality

Liu et al. (2020) J Infect Dis

💊

Phase III

Hepatitis B RCT Data

Chien et al. (1998) Hepatology

🧬

Amino Acids

N-acetylated peptide

Thymosin Alpha-1 COVID-19 Outcomes — 110 Severe Patients (Liu 2020)

28-Day Survival

Lymphocyte Recovery

ICU Duration Reduction

NK Cell Activity

CD4+ T-Cell Count

Tα1 treatment group (%). Source: Liu et al. (2020) J Infect Dis. PMID 32361757. Retrospective observational data.

PRECLINICAL SAFETY PROFILE

Observed tolerability data from in vitro and animal model research

97%

Tolerability

Low Severity

Injection-Site Rxn

Low Severity

Adverse Events (Trials)

Low Severity

Safety data reflects preclinical observations only. Human clinical safety profiles may differ substantially. For in vitro laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption.