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For in vitro laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption, diagnostic, or therapeutic use.
Research Data
Mechanisms of Action
Data presented from peer-reviewed in vitro studies. All findings are laboratory observations only.
Gonzalez-Rey et al. characterised VIP's immunomodulatory mechanism in LPS-induced cytokine storm models, demonstrating 62% TNF-α and 58% IL-6 reduction with simultaneous induction of regulatory T-cells via VPAC1/VPAC2 signalling — establishing VIP as one of the most potent endogenous anti-inflammatory neuropeptides.
VIP is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide and potent anti-inflammatory agent that acts via VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines, induce regulatory T-cells, and modulate the gut-immune axis — with the synthetic form (Aviptadil) receiving FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for COVID-19 ARDS.
Analytical Data
| Specification | Value |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 40077-57-4 |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₄₇H₂₃₇N₄₃O₄₃S |
| Molecular Weight | 3326.79 g/mol |
| Purity (HPLC) | 99.0% |
| Appearance | White lyophilised powder |
| Solubility | Soluble in water (1 mg/mL) |
| Storage | −20°C long-term / 2–8°C short-term |
| Shelf Life | 24 months from production date |
| Research Grade | Yes — For In Vitro Use Only |
What Research Has Shown
Cytokine Storm Study — J. Clin. Invest., 2006
TNF-α Reduction in LPS-Induced Cytokine Storm Model
Comparative Activity Profile
In Vitro Safety Data
VIP is an endogenous neuropeptide produced throughout the hypothalamus, gut, and immune system. Aviptadil (synthetic VIP) received FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for COVID-19 ARDS, providing Phase II/III human safety data at therapeutic doses. Primary handling concern is light and temperature stability.
Observed Adverse Indicators
Transient facial flushing (IV)
lowNausea / GI discomfort (high dose)
lowTransient hypotension (IV)
moderateSerious adverse events (Phase II)
low⚠️ Theoretical Concern
Aviptadil (synthetic VIP) carries FDA BT Designation and Phase II/III safety data from COVID-19 ARDS trials. Primary research consideration is stability — VIP is highly sensitive to light and temperature.
Researcher Reference
VIP binds VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors on macrophages, T-cells, and dendritic cells to activate cAMP/PKA signalling that inhibits NF-κB. This reduces transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12) while simultaneously inducing regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β).
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome involves pathological mast cell degranulation causing cytokine release. VIP stabilises mast cells via VPAC2-mediated cAMP elevation, reducing histamine and tryptase release — making it relevant in MCAS, long COVID, and gut immune dysregulation research.
Lyophilised: −20°C up to 24 months. Reconstituted: 4°C, use within 14 days. Highly sensitive to light and temperature.
Peer-Reviewed Literature
All citations refer to published peer-reviewed in vitro research. Data presented for scientific reference only. No claims made regarding human therapeutic use.
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