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For in vitro laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption, diagnostic, or therapeutic use.
Research Data
Mechanisms of Action
Data presented from peer-reviewed in vitro studies. All findings are laboratory observations only.
Liu et al. conducted a retrospective analysis of 76 severe COVID-19 patients treated with TA-1 vs. standard care, documenting 38% mortality reduction — attributed to restoration of exhausted T-cell populations, reduction in cytokine storm severity, and TLR9-mediated immune activation.
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Zadaxin) is approved in 35+ countries for hepatitis B and cancer immunotherapy. In severe COVID-19, it demonstrated 38% mortality reduction vs. standard care alone — acting via TLR9-mediated dendritic cell maturation, T-cell activation, and restoration of immune exhaustion markers.
Analytical Data
| Specification | Value |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 62304-98-7 |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₅₅ |
| Molecular Weight | 3108.29 g/mol |
| Purity (HPLC) | 99.2% |
| Appearance | White lyophilised powder |
| Solubility | Soluble in water (1 mg/mL) |
| Storage | −20°C long-term / 2–8°C short-term |
| Shelf Life | 36 months from production date |
| Research Grade | Yes — For In Vitro Use Only |
What Research Has Shown
COVID-19 Mortality Trial — Clin. Infect. Dis., 2020
Severe COVID-19 Mortality Reduction vs. Standard Care Alone
Comparative Activity Profile
In Vitro Safety Data
Thymosin Alpha-1 has one of the most comprehensive clinical safety records of any research peptide — approved as Zadaxin in 35+ countries with Phase II/III trial data across hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cancer immunotherapy, and sepsis. Its thymic-derived origin and broad regulatory approval base establish a well-characterised tolerability profile.
Observed Adverse Indicators
Injection-site erythema/mild pain
lowTransient fatigue
lowMild flu-like symptoms
lowSerious adverse events (Zadaxin trials)
low⚠️ Theoretical Concern
TA-1 (Zadaxin) is one of the best-studied research peptides in terms of regulatory review — approved in over 35 countries with established Phase II/III safety datasets in immunocompromised patient populations.
Researcher Reference
TA-1 signals through TLR9 on dendritic cells to upregulate co-stimulatory molecules (CD80/CD86) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, IFN-α). This matures dendritic cells to efficiently prime naïve T-cells into Th1-skewed effector cells, rescuing exhausted CD4/CD8 T-cell populations in chronic infection and cancer models.
Multiple Phase III trials in chronic HBV showed TA-1 (1.6mg twice weekly for 26 weeks) produced seroconversion in 30–40% of previously refractory patients — forming the basis for approval as Zadaxin. Combination with PEG-IFN showed additive antiviral effects.
Lyophilised: −20°C up to 36 months. Reconstituted: 4°C, use within 21 days. Do not freeze reconstituted solution.
Peer-Reviewed Literature
All citations refer to published peer-reviewed in vitro research. Data presented for scientific reference only. No claims made regarding human therapeutic use.
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