Select Strength — 10mg
For in vitro laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption, diagnostic, or therapeutic use.
Research Data
Mechanisms of Action
Data presented from peer-reviewed in vitro studies. All findings are laboratory observations only.
Szeto HH characterised the mechanism by which SS-31 binds cardiolipin in the IMM to stabilise electron transport chain complexes I and III, restoring ATP production efficiency and reducing superoxide generation in ischaemia-reperfusion injury models by 74%.
The HFPEF Phase II trial of Elamipretide (SS-31) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction demonstrated significant improvement in 6-minute walk distance (primary endpoint) and cardiac energetics, supporting the mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis in this patient population.
SS-31 concentrates selectively in the inner mitochondrial membrane at 1000× cytoplasmic levels by binding cardiolipin — restoring electron transport chain complex I/III efficiency, reducing ROS production, and protecting against ischaemia-reperfusion injury without altering membrane potential.
Analytical Data
| Specification | Value |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 736992-21-5 |
| Molecular Formula | C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅ |
| Molecular Weight | 639.80 g/mol |
| Purity (HPLC) | 99.1% |
| Appearance | White lyophilised powder |
| Solubility | Soluble in water (1 mg/mL) |
| Storage | −20°C long-term / 2–8°C short-term |
| Shelf Life | 24 months from production date |
| Research Grade | Yes — For In Vitro Use Only |
What Research Has Shown
Ischaemia-Reperfusion Model — Pharm. Res., 2011
ROS Reduction in Mitochondrial Ischaemia-Reperfusion Model
Comparative Activity Profile
In Vitro Safety Data
SS-31 has Phase II human safety data from HFPEF and primary mitochondrial myopathy trials. Uniquely, it does not alter mitochondrial membrane potential — avoiding the depolarisation risk of other cationic mitochondria-targeted compounds.
Observed Adverse Indicators
Mitochondrial depolarisation
NoneCytotoxicity in vitro
NoneOff-target cytoplasmic effects
NoneInjection site reactions
Minimal⚠️ Theoretical Concern
SS-31 selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Researchers should account for its potent modulation of electron transport chain efficiency (complexes I and III) in mitochondrial function experimental designs.
Researcher Reference
SS-31 contains alternating aromatic and basic residues that interact with cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to the inner mitochondrial membrane. This drives 1000× selective concentration in the IMM without requiring an electrochemical gradient (unlike MitoQ or SkQ compounds).
The HFPEF Phase II trial (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) demonstrated significant improvement in 6-minute walk distance and cardiac energetics. Separate Phase II trials in primary mitochondrial myopathy also showed functional improvements.
Lyophilised: −20°C up to 24 months. Reconstituted: 4°C, use within 14 days. Avoid light and oxidative conditions.
Peer-Reviewed Literature
All citations refer to published peer-reviewed in vitro research. Data presented for scientific reference only. No claims made regarding human therapeutic use.
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